雅思写作中运用不同语法结构是很重要的，很多烤鸭好像自动把“写作”和“大作文”划上了等号。其实不然，在小作文的评分标准中，同样也有语法的维度，一起来看看：

　　雅思小作文评分标准

　　5分：仅能使用有限的语法结构→句式重复较多

　　6分：综合使用简单句式与复杂句式→可以使用一些简单句+复杂句

　　7分：运用各种复杂的语法结构→灵活使用，而不是一味使用最长、最难的句式

　　从评分标准里我们可以看出，想要得到6分及以上的评价，就得刻意去使用更多复杂的句型。

　　简单来说，简单句就是只有一套主谓的句子，比如：

　　John wanted a decent IELTS band score.

　　而复杂句型就包括从句、倒装、被动等各种句式，其实考官期待看到的复杂句型，和我们作为学习者理解的复杂句型，会有所出入。

　　为了避免同学们走弯路，今天就来教大家如何把小作文中的简单句有效延长成考官喜欢的复杂句!让你们的作文成功升级起码一个level!

　　01、连词

　　2008 pass rates in Business, Science and Maths and Engineering were considerably lower in 2008 than in 2012, so the greastest level of improvement took place in these disciplines(科目).

　　这种句式是利用连词将两个句子连接在一起，通常连词的用法没有什么限制，要注意的就是根据使用场景：

　　■ 表原因结果，连接宏观的规律和微观数据

　　■ 表转折让步，进行正反信息的对比

　　■ 表单纯并列，罗列若干同类信息

　　其它的连词还有and、or、although、because、while、whereas等，通过连词组成复杂句式是比较容易的手段，再举几个例子：

　　■ In contrast, the amount in Poland was 10 million initially, and then is increased slightly to 11 million before decreasing almost back to the figure in 1980, at 9.9 million.

　　■ Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).

　　02、介词

　　At just over 80% in 2012 and 70% in 2018, averagepass rates among Computer Science students were by far the highest.

　　这种是用了介词，使得句子只用了一套主谓结构的同时，保留了两个信息点。其它推荐使用的介词还有in/on/from...to.../between/by/until/with/for/at等。

　　再感受一下其用法：

　　■ The percentage change between the two years was clearly the most marked for those studying Business，from a modest 20% in 2008 to a considerably higher level (50%) in 2012.

　　■ In 1979, beef was the most popular of these food, with about 225 grams per person per week.

　　03、定语从句

　　2008 pass rates in Business, Science, and Maths and Engineering were considerably lower in 2008 than in 2012, which means that the greatest level of improvement took place in these disciplines.

　　对，这就是同学们都爱使用的定语从句，也是很好的组成复杂句的手段之一：

　　■ People in Turkey spent on food, drinks and tobacco with the largest percentage, which was 32.14%.

　　■ In 2009, personal needs and unexpected problems were each cited by around 10% of people, both of which grew to around 20% ten years later.

　　04、宾语从句

　　The chart provides information about how many employees were away from work in three different years and the reasons given.

　　这个句型叫宾语从句，常见于小作文的开头段，通常在对题目进行改写时使用，其它的替换表达还有：The diagram/table/figure/illustration/graph + indicates/represents/shows/outlines... 比如：

　　■ The pie charts compare the distribution of water usage for different purposes among local residents during the period from 1988 to 2008.

　　■ The bar charts illustrates changes in the electricity rates in four states in Australia.

　　05、形式主语从句

　　It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.

　　这种句型叫形式主语从句，可以用来描述一些细节信息或者比较明显的特征，同学们还可以写：It is obvious that.../It is interesting to note that... 等

　　■ It is also interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.

　　06、There be句型

　　There is a sharp rise in the next hour to reach its maximum before collapsing again to a lower level by the end of the day.

　　用There be句型非常适合用来描写小作文中的客观数据，表示“有”或者“存在”的意思。其它的例子还有：

　　■ There were no figures given for male part-time workers, but female part-time had forty hours of leisure time, only slightly more than women in full-time employment, perhaps reflecting their work in the home.

　　07、被动句

　　By 2005, the time needed to produce a car had descended to just 21 hours

　　.被动句也是小作文中很常用、且较易上手的复杂句式之一，当描述对象是物体或流程时经常用到，举几个例子：

　　■ Meanwhile, timber was the most popular product in 1980 but two decades later paper was produced more than the others.

　　■ By creating an enclosed(封闭的) environment, the lid(盖子) on the top must be closed so there would be no smoke letting out.

　　08、倒装句

　　After entering the venue, customers could see a cash desk on the right and in front of them were several round tables arranged in a circle.

　　倒装句也是适合使用的复杂句式之一，常用在地图题当中，比如：

　　■ In the southeast and west part were many shops opened along new roads on both sides.

　　■ In the west was a river running from north to south.

　　建议同学们如果想在考场上使用倒装句，私下练习时一定要确保句子的结构是正确的。复杂句真的没有大家想得那么难~但是也不能掉以轻心，犯下过多的错误，所以小编建议同学们可以仿照在上面列出的句子，进行一定量的改写练习，看自己比较擅长哪些，在考场上发挥它们的优势哦!